
In an effort to foster a discussion about democracy, government and politics I am establishing what I am calling Democracy 101 as an "educational blog."
I hope to encourage a learning environment in which we can begin, as a group, to educate ourselves on what it means to be a citizen and what it means (and what it takes) to have a democracy.
Through the combination of essays and learning resources I hope to encourage the reading of primary sources, the understanding of general concepts, and to foster a deeper and more widespread understanding of the philosophical principles and historical development of the concept of democracy and the attempt to realize that ideal in practice in America.
I also hope to demonstrate the shortcomings and failures in the history of Democracy in America and to try and engage people in a substantive discourse on the problem and possible solutions.
In a very real sense I would argue that the solution to the problem, and indeed an understanding of the problem (or problems), can only be arrived at through a process of public discussion. In fact, I would argue, that democracy itself is very much the process of public discourse, or - to put this in another way - that democracy is in a sense fundamentally a process of the public use of reason whereby we, as citizens of a nation (or a political unit), seek to come to understand and value as the ends of politics (in the original sense which I hope to distinguish from what has come to be the partisan battle for power for its own sake) the twin concepts of Justice and the Public (or Common) Good.
As a means to initiate this discussion I have written a column, published in the High Springs Herald in response to a recent letter ("In actuality, we don't live in a democracy," by Kathie Shaffer, May 20th, 2008), addressing what is a troubling, but all too commonly held belief, that the American form of government is (and was intended to be) a "republic" and not a "democracy."
I argue that this idea is a myth that has fostered a misunderstanding of our system of government and I hope to begin, thereby, a discussion along with an effort to foster a close reading of relevant documents and sources designed to encourage that discussion to become an educational, rather than a mere rhetorical, exercise.
For this purpose I will place a link to the Herald column when it become available and I will also provide reading materials to foster the discussion. Thus I have, as mentioned in that column, provided here what I believe are the "twin pillars," in a sense, of the theory of the American Constitution as they appeared in the Federalist Papers published during the heated contest seeking ratification of the Constitution in 1787.
All of the essays selected here were written by James Madison, who with reason is often referred to as the "Father of the American Constitution." The first is the now famous argument against factions (or parties), the new concept of "representation," and the idea that a large and diverse nation will provide the means whereby Madison argues that the new American nation will be able to answer the longstanding philosophical question of how to establish a democratic (or popular) form of government that will not decline into its corrupted counterpart - mob rule.
I then provide four further essays that should be read together and as such establishing the second pillar in this solution - that of the Separation of Powers as understood with the additional concept of Checks and Balances in the essays published as numbers 47-51.
Links to these essays can be found below. The rules for participation in this discussion are simple. Anyone can post a comment to the discussion thread (either the thread for my essays or for the original sources (i.e. Federalist 10). I hope that people will take the time to comment or ask questions in a serious manner. You do not have to register a user-name to post a comment. However I am planning on developing a means whereby registered users can develop a moderating system so as to remove offensive or non-productive posts. This will come in time as people begin to engage in the discussions. In the meantime you are encouraged to use the discussion format as a means of raising questions and discussing the sources and the ideas therein as they relate to our system of government today.
The High Spring's Herald Column [as soon as the link is active]
Comments
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Ability to use the graphic interface for formatting.
Thanks. Fixed it. At least for now you can use bold with the B button and italic with the I button and underline with the u button. I am trying to get the smileys working for comments as well. Currently one works:
It is the first in the top left of the smiley column when you click the smiley (
) button. Will work on more later.

For meantime lets see if the align buttons work.
This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left. This is align left.
This is align center. This is align center.This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center. This is align center.
This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right. This is align right.
And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified. And this is align justified
Not working yet on alignment. But what about the other smileys:
and what about color: red, orange, yellow, green, blue ... ?
Not all yet but progress.
OK. Bold, Italic, and Underline should all be working.
Alignment: not yet. (You will see the above comment correct itself when it becomes operational.
Smileys: all currently operational.
Colors: not yet.
I encourage the use of these features becaues it is difficult to often convey "emphasis" or other elements of speaking in writing. Please take advantage of them and let me know what other features you believe would be helpful.
For registered users a number of features and facilities will be made available. Also membership can be obtained for this site as well as related ones (Grapski Defense, Alachua Living, Alachua Project, Open Records Project) by following the directions on the top left of your screen. This will also give you one login access to numerous sites beyond this one.
The registered users features have not yet been implemented but they will allow private discussions and live chats, as well as resources for organizing groups for discussion, organization, etc. They will also evolve, if utilized, into a means whereby the discussions (or certain ones) can be moderated by groups that organize themselves for that purpose. I want you to do much of that rather than me.
And I will occasionally respond, as here, to questions regarding the website as well as to particular questions that may deserve an immediate response or, alternatively, by starting a new discussion thread for the particular topic. Someone mentioned the issue of the Nazi-strategy of negating a debate. It, rather than the Nazi reference (an ad hominent reference would be different - "You are a Nazi, therefore what you have to say is irrelevant), deserves some discussion. Because it is an all too commonly accepted means of eliminating an important point and analogy. We should not be criticized (nor apologize) for references or analogies to the Nazis, nor should Obama have to apologize for the words of Reverend Wright, John McCain for the words of "Pastor" Hagee, or Hillary Clinton for making reference to the primary campaign of Robert Kennedy. But this will require a thoughtful response and I am contemplating just such a thing. For the Nazi-ad-hominem, when encountered, is no less a logical fallacy (and thus no less "valid" in refuting a point) than is the How-dare-you-reference-the-Nazis retort.
I wasn't surprised to hear
I wasn't surprised to hear that some folks don't understand a democracy and fear we don't really live in one today. We do live in a democracy, though we may not always act in ways worthy of it.
Vermont was once a Republic and some folks would like us to become a Republic again.
Charlie, given that "democracy" and "republic" were originally synonymous, what is the significance of Vermont having once been a Republic? Was it a true Republic? The significance in wanting to become one again relates to dissatisfaction with the current government. Vermont Public Radio once had as guest on a talk show the person in charge of the Republic movement here. Folks from Quebec, Canada called to say they would welcome us as neighbours in the Republic of Vermont! It isn't likely to happen, but it is an interesting concept.
~ listener
Vermont's status as a Republic
Listener,
Very interesting questions. I will have to do a little bit of research to fully answer your question definitively.
I suspect, however, that the issue here is not the misunderstanding of "democracy vs. republic" as in this topic - but the issue of INDEPENDENT status of Vermont (not as a state in the Union). Much as we once had the "Republic of Texas" before it entered the union. (Indeed if ever in London - you can go to the Texas embassy - which is now a restuarant and bar. Actually kind of interesting - but as you might imagine - the majority of clientelle there seem to be Americans!).
Years ago - when doing a degree in history (focusing on American history - and in particular the founding era) - I wrote a very lengthy paper (about 200 pages) on the history of New Hampshire. Unfortunately that, along with all my other writings, have now been lost due to "ordeal" I have been going through the past two years with Alachua. Also all of the books that I had on the history of New Hampshire. (I was interested in particular, at that time, in NH and RI - both for their OPPOSITION to the Constitution and some of the "political games" played to get them to ratify. NH originally rejected the Constitution in their ratification - only to have the vote ignored by an act of the chair who banged the gavel and proclaimed the meeting adjourned as the vote in the negative came through. A few months later, with an attempt to have different delegates (and indeed having 10 delegates LOCKED in their lodgings and unable to attend - NH BARELY ratified (by ten votes) - becoming the 9th state - and thus "legally" enacting the Constitution (under the un-adopted Constitution - but therefore UNLAWFULLY -as the existing law (the Articles of Confederation - required a UNANIMOUS (13) vote not just 9).
Vermont was a hotly contested territory. Was it the property of New York? New Hampshire? Indeed Maine was part of Massachussets. And there was a relationship to Massachussets in early Vermont too - making it even more complex. The British eliminated Massachussets claims early on. But later the Governor of New Hampshire began granting lands in Vermont. This was met equally by the Governor of New York who then began the same practice. Indeed you may recall Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys from the Revolution. But I believe they were originally created to defend the NH settlers against those of NY.
It was after this that the settlers of Vermont declared themselves and independent "republic" (no reference to the idea of republic vs. democracy - but here, as at the time was normal, the terms were used synonymously - indeed I think you will find the history of Vermont as one of the MOST truly democratic entities in this period of time - a history that Vermont has long been proud of and I think leads to much of the "independence" of spirit that still has a foothold in Vermont).
It was in 1776 and 1777 - as the war began - that Vermont declared itself independent. I believe, at first, it was called New Connecticut! (Although I am not sure why that name was chosen - as they were not becoming "part of" Connecticut.)
Vermont was the first new state entered into the union after the Constitution was ratified. (I believe it was in 1791 - and I believe, but am not certain, that this was AFTER RI finally conceded under enormous pressure to ratify the Constitution.
But that gets off topic. But none of those entities were originally accepting of Vermont's independence (NY, NH, or even Britain).
Today there appears to be a small group raising the issue of "secession" (and thus recreating the concept of an independent Republic - free-standing FROM the United States). I am not certain of all of the arguments - although I have come across a few very compelling ones.
It is my view that the people of states (or people in general) ought to have the right to secede from the Union - otherwise the idea that they are members by consent (rather than coercion) makes no sense. But this is certainly not an easy topic - nor is it one that many "in the mainstream" would find credible (but then again - neither did the mainstream of 1776).
I have come across some essays written by Kirkpatrick Sale on this topic. But I have not had a chance to read them in detail and I am not certain that this is the Kirkpatrick Sale that I am familar with (a very
interesting historian). I have a suspicion that it may be. Sale's books, that I have read, include his history of SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) and Rebels against the Future (on the Luddites).
I agree it is not likely to happen - but it certainly is interesting. And nothing is ever likely to happen - unless someone is talking about it or trying to make it happen. I'd be interested in finding out more about what this movement has written about and on what bases (and for what aims) they have established this cause.
I did see somewhere that nearly 10% of the Vermont population is in favor of the idea. That might seem like a small percentage. But it is hardly different from the percentages of those at the time of the Revolution - particularly at its early stages (and it is likely that only about a third ever really were ardent supporters of the cause - with a third on the other side in opposition - and the other third simply without a position).
You do have a pretty good
You do have a pretty good recall of the history of NH and VT, Charlie! My feathered cap is off to you! Yes, we are the 14th state aznd 1791 was the year. As for NH...some things never change. ;~) The politics there feel very much the same at times. I would amend only to say that most Vermonters never felt like part of NH or NY, but were ever independent. Vermont and "those Yorkers" were always in contention and there are some pretty amusing stories, such as Ethan Allen sneaking into Fort Ticonderoga at night and capturing the fort without a battle, and Benedict Arnold (who was really a good guy with bad P.R.) outsmarting the British as they sailed down Lake Champlain, by hiding his ships in a hidden harbour of Valcour Island! They are still finding ships from that era on the bottom of the Lake.
Yes, I'd say 10% of the population is *openly* in favour of becoming a modern Republic. (Hey, maybe one form of Republic should be spelled Republik to keep the two straight.) If it became a viable option, I think that number would rise to an interesting and significant percent! Thanks for pointing out the differences in the old sort of Republik and the newer Republic which would be a secession. I fully agree that without a way to *separate* from the States, we don't truly have *united* States now. I'd say that same independent spirit is alive and well in Vermont...evidenced by our having an Independent Senator, Democratic Senator, Democratic House member and Republican governor at the moment. Ha! That could quickly change.
I have to get to sleep so I can work tomorrow. But I'll try to check back before I leave for *gasp!* NH on Thursday. The two states are about as opposite to one another as the outline of our states! LOL!
I just want to add that Vermont was the first state to declare slavery illegal, and there was a very successful underground railroad here that included a farm which fed, housed and trained runaways for life in Canada! They left Vermont healthy and with a trade.
Take care. Remember that Vermont accepts good folks fleeing from oppression in the south. ♥
~ listener
The Great State of Vermont
Listener,
You are correct - Vermont outlawed slavery in its initial Constitution written in 1776.
As for a haven for those of us fleeing from tyranny - in many ways I would love to move to and live in Vermont.
It is a far more enlighted and free state than the corruption-laden Florida (and Florida has been corrupt since it entered the Union - its only gotten worse over time).
In some ways I am considering such a move. For my health, sanity, and happiness. Anyway - within the next five years - the north of Florida will likely be as much a wasteland of concrete and concrete box stores as is South Florida - but worse.
It is a shame such a naturally beautiful state such as this is used and abused by those few who care nothing but the lining of their own pockets.
I'd love to teach at UVM - a school far superior in its commitment to education than the University of Florida. That is not a slam on the faculty. They can only do what they can within a corrupted infrastructure. But this institution itself is part of Florida's corrupt history - it was (and remains) more of an instrument for land grabs and funneling public money into private pockets than an institution of education (let alone higher education).
But I cannot completely flee this state until my work is done. Perhaps I could spend some time in exile there - as I did in the UK (oh how I wish I were back there in a civilized country) - while continuing my battles. But of course that cannot happen until Bill Cervone (State Attorney) and his incompetent and unethical puppet Geoffrey Fleck (the prosecutor of my cases) give up on their deliberately malicious prosecutions of me.
Of course I state the last part with the very real intent of Mr.'s Fleck and Cervone knowing that I hold this opinion - and hope one day to present on this and other sites the FACTS that show their gross incompetence as well as their unlawful and unethical activities. These are the individuals responsible for coddling and condoning the corrupt actors in the City of Alachua. Unfortunately the reality is that such officials are part of a network of officials that guarantee that they are not accountable to either the publiic or the law - and they know it.
Of course 200 years ago these two men, and their counterparts in Alachua, would have been tarred and feathered and run out of town. But then again those actors were then known as "patriots." Today we would classify them as "terrorists" (much as the British government did) and misuse the power of the law to try and silence them. Heck all I am guilty of is using my pen and my mouth - and yet I have been labeled a "terrorist" by these individuals. They have no scruples.
Readings
I got the Federalist papers to work but cant get the text of the original column from the Herald. I don't think that link works. I wrote down the web page but didnt bring the paper with me and I wanted to go back and read it again. Can you fix the link.
Thank you
I am going to read the Federalist essays and then comment. Thank you for doing this.
I came back
Hi. I came back again. I discovered from your links that all the Federlist papers are online. Suggestion. Could you put up links to all of them somewhere on your website? I hope that people will start discussing them and asking questions. I also found your teaching sessions on the Dean site when I search the federalist papers and I saw a lot of things I was questioning talked about and some answered. Can you do something like that here. I have so many questions. But you also got me reading all of the papers and not just those ones. Sorry if that goes out of order. But I was trying to see how these ones fit in to a whole argument. Do they? Is there an argument of the Federalist papers? What can you tell a beginning reader about this. I am one of those people who reads the last chapter first, excpet if I read a novel. So I am trying to figure out where it all leads to or if it is supposed to. They were all in newspapers and different newspapers so maybe they don't actually fit together in that way. Anyway if you answer my question it will make my day. This has been my holiday reading believe it or not. But I saw one of those signs that said to remember that it is not just for enjoying yourself but for remembering those who died and what they are supposed to have died for. And those who are dying right now. And I just thought what better time for me to do this. I said I was going to and just kept putting it off because I was so busy. And then when I started on Friday night I just couldnt stop all weekend picking it back up a couple of times each day. I have now carried on so much that you probable forgot my question or I guess my request.
Can you tell us what the main theme of the Papers is and how it all fits together? I tried the bold button and it works!
It didnt work bold
I thought it worked because it showed up before I saved it. But the bold is gone. Can you also tell me how to get that to work?
Thanks
Wow. That was quick. Thanks. But I don't see how to put the smileys in. Am I missing something.
I see that I can put in the < .. b .. > for bold (I put the little marks before hand to keep it from being turned into bold
I had to ask a friend how to use these they are listed below as "allowed html tags". You also have to put the closing tag with the "/" to tell it where to stop the bold.
He also showed me the link below "More information about formatting options" and it explained it too but it just shows the "/" at the end and does not tell us web illiterate people that we have to include that.
Thanks though I really appreciate it. And I am learning a lot about politics and computers. And about Alachua too.
Oh
Oh but where did the button go that was there before? It was easier. Now it is missing.
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